Internal-combustion engine.



H. NoRDsTR'M. lNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIC ATION FILED FEB. 161 19124.

Patented Jan. 9, 1917.

HANS NORDSTHM, OF PETRUGRAD, RUSSIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application lcd` February 16, 1912.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANS Noiinsrnni, a citizen of the Swedish Kingdom. residing ut Petiogrud. Russia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal- Conihustion Engines; and l do hereby dcclaro the following to be a full, clear. and exact .description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon` which form a part of this specification.

' In two cycle internal combustion engines working oi the principle of uniform pressure, it is 'difficult to obtain a good combustion at different speeds of rotation. The reason is tliit these engines, in order to work with advantage, must compress the air provided foi-,the combustion up to ii certain extent. The pressure in the cylinder at the beginning of the compression, and, accordingly, the clearing air, must not sink below a certain pressure. If now the clearing out process takes place well at a certain speed of rotation, and the engine is then reduced to half speed, for example, the valves for admitting the clearing nir and exhaust gases will remain open for double the time, so that milch more clearing air is blown through than is necessary', and the pressure is reduced accordingly. The consequence is that in this case the starting pressure, and, accordingly,` the final pressure after compression, will become less.,v lesser quantity of air for `tthe combustion "und a lower compression are therefore obtained and the result is bad combustion. A useless waste of clearing air also occurs inthe following case: If a multiple cylinder engine is for example, if a marine engine is running at low speed, it is of advantage to cut oil' the su plv of the combustible to one or more cylinders. The remaining cylinders then receive a good supply of the combustible and work well. f Because, however, the clear'- ing out process continues in connection with the idly working cylinders a considerable loss of air takes place.

The present regulating device renders it possible to obtain the best combustion in the cylinder at various speeds'of rotation and prevents an unnecessarily large quantity of clearing air being blown through at low speeds'of rotation. If,`theref0re,' a clearing Specification of Letters Patent.

running without a load,`

Patented Jan. 9, 1917. semi No. 673,092.

air pump of suicient size is used, a correspondingly high starting pressure cn be obtained in the cylinder, and the efficiency of the` engine will be increased. Further, the device enables the supply of clearing air lo be sin'iultaneously cut off when putting one or more cylinders out of action. For this purpose an arrangement is chosen which will enable the length of the open period to he altered, and this is best done by the valve in question vbeing opened later at lower speed. so that only vthe quantity of air required for clearing out the cylinder is blown through. In order to obtain an easy adjustment, the air inlet valve can be divided into two separate valves, which are separately actuated, one of which 'valves servies to sluit ofi' the inside of the cylinder, andis, accordingly, opened for a constant period suitable for the highest speed ofv rotation, while the other valve `is an auxiliary valve, is arranged outside, and can be manually adjusted for different periods. l

The space between the main 4valve and tlieauxiliary valve can be used as a receiver. In this case the clearing out operation is performed by first opening the main v lve, whereupon the air contained in the recgiver will carry out the first clearing 'opieraiv Thereafter, the auxiliary valve is opehed and causes', toward the end of the clearing period, air to pass into the cylinder at the desired pressure. The auxiliaryvalvee-an remain' open after the exhaust channels hive" been closed, the air last introduced tliifs 4 serving to refill the cylinder.

the drawing the invention is illustratedby way of example; Figure'l being .ses

ivsection'of 'the valve gearing 1n 'the woik- 95 ing position, Fig. 2, a similar section showing the position of the valve gearing in the case of a cylinder, which has been put out of operation, Fig 3, a horizontal section` through the `Mlliliary valve, and Fig. 4, a crank diagram.

The combustible is fed'into the cylinder through the valve a while the air enters through the main valve b and auxiliary valve c.

d, d 'a're slots in the wall of the cylinder which are opened and closed by the piston und serve for theexliaust. The movement of the' valves is obtained by the spindle e. For the supply valve o a cam diskj is provided on the spindle e, which disk nctuatee the valvez purpose ofopening and closing the 1,10V

"at c i.

through the agency of a roller g mounted on one urn: of n `hell crunk level' la to the other 'arm ol' which a rod is attached und said rml is connected to a. second bell crunk lever, which engages with the vulve spindle. The unihi air vulve is opernted by the le-I ver vf, which carries a roller bearing against u cani disk l. The levers la. :unl turn about an eeeentrieully journaled spindle m with which the hand lever n is connected. lf this lever is in the position l (Fig. l), the rollers g andJc nre operated hy the cuni disks f und l, sind the valves nre accordingly opened and closed. If, however, the lever is brought into the position II (Fig. 2), the rollers will he moved into the position shown in Fig. 2, in which position they do not come into contant Vwith the com disks, so that the valves remain closed.

The auxiliary valve consists of e eylindri cui casing c, in. which e cylindrical valve sleeve o tightly lits .said sleeve being adapted to be turned by the lnnul lever p. In the valve sleeve o is provided a disk r, which is adapted to he moved by e lever s, eccentric roll t, and the eccentric u mounted on the `spindle c. By moving the lever y), and the valve sleeve 0, coilinected with said lever, it is new possible tocause said valve to open sooner or later. As in the construction of the inxiliary valve shown in the drawing the disk r works without adjustment, seid valve, on. raising the lever p, is opened sooner, and, on depressing Said lever, later. Figi'. l shows the piston at the bottom dead point, at `which point the pressure has fallen, und the valve o is open and the compressed nir contained in the passages vbetween the valves fand whasrbeen aadmitted to the cylinder tln'mlgh valve l1 to eli'ct the clear ing. No air, however-has yetpassed ont of the receiver o, because the auxlliary valve f' is still closed and is4 only now opened by the disk r, vulve b remaining open and compressed. air'is admitted to the cylinder at the end oil the clearing period.

AeeorvlingiV to theidiagram shown in Fig. l, in which ai represents the top deadpoint,

and y;,`tli e hottom'dead point, the valve a for supplying the combustible opens at thepomt c and closes at ff, whereupon the expansion of the combustible 'genes takes placef up to the point d', jwhcjreth'e exhaust slots are pressnre'in the cylinder cnnr fall.;` At Vthc valve b is openedend the exhaust gases are blown out up to the lpoint riz, whereV the piston again closes the exhmist'slote. From d", up to b2, where the clearing air valve iss'clofsed. the iiir continues.

rendered p ,ssible to begin the clearing out eitli-ert" if, .o'to delay it. so that it begins In ease,

i the equalixetionof thef 'tiles` place from d up' ito c', theA clearing out from fr' up to d, und the subsequent entrance of ail.' from cl2 up to o. 'lhe clearing' uit' vulve can also he closed ut d", hut it is generally preferable to close this vulve somewhat later, because: from cl2 u i to 11" the air can enter into the cylinder uml increase the presslu'e up to that in the receiver o.

The valve c can he so arranged that the air can he entirely cut ell hy the hand lever 7 (Fig. 2). Further, this valve may he coniliined with the regulating device for the snpply of the combustible, so that the supply of the combustible and air 'is simultaneously regulated and cnt ofi'. Another Way of cutting;r ofi? the combustible und clearing nir consists in moving the lever n into the position U, by doingr which the vulves a and Z; are pnt out of action.

The described arrangement can, of course, also he used Where the supply of clearing nir is governedrby slots in the cylinder.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. ln a two-stroke cycle gas engine, the combination with :in air inlet valve, means to supply air to snirl valve, an auxiliary "alvc to control the admission of air to said means, means for opening,r the auxiliary valve, and. means operatingin conjunction with the lutter to advance orreterd the opening of said auxiliary valve.

2. In a tw'ostroke cycle gas engine, the combination with an nir inlet valve, mea-ns to Supply air to Said valve, an auxiliary valve to control the admission of air to said means, means for opening the auxiliary vulve, und manually operated ineens operating;r in conjunction with said auxiliary valve to advance or retard the opening of the latter.

3. A two'stroke cycle gas engine having an air inlet valve, means to supply air to Said valve, means operable et each cycle of n'iovement to control admission of air to the air supply means, eindv means to vary the duration of' the passage of the air through said air supply Ineens.

4. ln en engine, an nir inlet valve, n valve controllingr the supplvof compressed air to said inlet vnlve, and u chamber between the lit valves, and means to open the inlet'ivelve in :ulvunrc of said second-valve und to hold said inlet ,valve .open during the opening of said second valve.

5. In n n engine, an air inletvalve, a velve controlling the supply of compressed air to seid inlet valve, a chamber. between the I vulves, means. operated, by. the engine to" open the inlet. valve nte definite pointin relation to the, ,piston stroke", ineens Aopelated, `hy the engine to open the Seid second vzilveafter the opening. ofzthe rinlet valve, aml ineens to regulntc the extant of opening of the second valve. v

iso

G. In a twofstroke cycle engin: an air inlet valve, e compressed air supply valve, a chamber between the vulves, means operated by he engine to open the inlet vulve to admit clearing air from said chamber, means operated by the engine to operate seid supply vulve :at the end of the clearing period, an means to regulate during the operation of the engine the quantity of compressed air `delivered by the letter valve.

7. In a t\\'oetroke eye-le engine, an nir inlet wlw, :i coinliresseil air supply valve, a chamber between the vulves, means operated hy the engine to open the inlet valve to admit clearing air from said Chmnber, means operated by the engine to operate said sup ply valve at the en '.l of th:x vieni-ing period, and hanflopernted means to regulate, durn ing the operation of the engine, the quantity ylof compressed nir delivered by the latter valve.

8. :In a two-stroke cycle engine, an air inletd valve, means operated by the engine to aetuate Said valve, :in auxiliary valve comprising a easing, a cylindrical valve sleeve therein having opposite ports, n hand leverfor rotating said sleeve in seid casing and a valve in the -sleeve-7 menus operate by thr engine to nctnate thi,| lust mentioned valve and open the Ninn after the nir inlet valve at the mul oi' lluexpelling stroke of the piston ofthe engine, end a chamber between the mr inlet valve and auxiliary vulve. V

9.1m a two cycle engine, an air inlet vali/e, means operated by the en 'ne to actuate said valve, an auxiliary va ve to control the supply of com ressed air to said inlet velve, a chamber etween the valves, menne to regulate the quantity of air. passing through the auxiliary valve and means to pince the air inlet valve out of operation,

and thereby render the auxiliary vulve ineffective.

l0. In e two-cycle engine, an inlet valve for combustible, un air inlet valve, an auxiliary valve, a chamber between the two last mentioned valves, mechanism operated by the `engine to open the air inlet valve in advance of the auxiliary operated by the engine to simultaneously actuate the valve for combustible and the auxiliary valve, and means to control the time of opening of the auxiliary valve infleof the other two valves.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing :is my invention, I lieve signed my name in presence of two lsubscribing witnesses..

e HANS NORDSTRM.

lVitneeees:

ll. A. [,ovruurzivn.

\i. Nunn.

vnlvf-` mechanism 

